实际项目中运用责任链模式

作者:nicky_chin (感谢作者向并发网投稿)

1.1 简介

  • 责任链模式为请求创建一个接收者对象链,每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用,如果一个对象不能处理该请求,那么它会把请求传给下一个接收者,依此类推
  • 责任链模式避免了请求的发送者和接收者耦合在一起,让多个对象都有可能接收请求,将这些对象连成一条链,并且沿着这条链传递请求,直到有对象处理它为止。

1.2 责任链模式优缺点

优点

降低耦合度。它将请求的发送者和接收者解耦 
简化了对象,使得对象不需要知道链的结构 
增强给对象指派职责的灵活性,允许动态地新增或者删除责任链 
增加新的请求处理类方便

缺点

不能保证请求一定被接收; 
系统性能将受到一定影响,调试时不方便,可能会造成循环调用

2 模式结构

2.1 对象定义

Handler(抽象处理者) : 定义一个处理请求的接口,提供对后续处理者的引用 
ConcreteHandler(具体处理者) : 抽象处理者的子类,处理用户请求,可选将请求处理掉还是传给下家;在具体处理者中可以访问链中下一个对象,以便请求的转发

2.2 类图及设计

责任链

代码详解:

抽象处理者

public abstract class Handler {

    protected Handler nextHandler; // 下一个责任链成员

    public Handler getNextHandler() {
        return nextHandler;
    }

    public void setNextHandler(Handler nextHandler) {
        this.nextHandler = nextHandler;
    }

    // 处理传递过来的时间
    public abstract void handleMessage(int type);
}

具体处理者 
在当前处理者对象无法处理时,将执行权传给下一个处理者对象

public class ConcreteHandler1 extends Handler {

    @Override
    public void handleMessage(int type) {
        if (type == 1 || type == 3) {
            System.out.println("ConcreteHandler1解决了问题!");
        } else {
            System.out.println("ConcreteHandler1解决不了问题......");
            if (nextHandler != null) {
                nextHandler.handleMessage(type);
            } else {
                System.out.println("没有人能处理这个消息");
            }
        }
    }
}

public class ConcreteHandler2 extends Handler {

    @Override
    public void handleMessage(int type) {
        if (type == 2 || type == 5) {
            System.out.println("ConcreteHandler2解决了问题!");
        } else {
            System.out.println("ConcreteHandler2解决不了问题......");
            if (nextHandler != null) {
                nextHandler.handleMessage(type);
            } else {
                System.out.println("没有人能处理这个消息");
            }
        }
    }
}

public class ConcreteHandler3 extends Handler {

    @Override
    public void handleMessage(int type) {
        if (type == 4 || type == 6) {
            System.out.println("ConcreteHandler3解决了问题!");
        } else {
            System.out.println("ConcreteHandler3解决不了问题......");
            if (nextHandler != null) {
                nextHandler.handleMessage(type);
            } else {
                System.out.println("没有人能处理这个消息");
            }
        }
    }
}

Client 客户端调用

// 初始化责任链:handler1 -> handler2 -> handler3
        Handler handler1 = new ConcreteHandler1();
        Handler handler2 = new ConcreteHandler2();
        Handler handler3 = new ConcreteHandler3();
        handler2.setNextHandler(handler3);
        handler1.setNextHandler(handler2);
        // 处理事件
        System.out.println("--------------Message1");
        handler1.handleMessage(1);
        System.out.println("--------------Message2");
        handler1.handleMessage(2);
        System.out.println("--------------Message3");
        handler1.handleMessage(4);
        System.out.println("--------------Message4");
        handler1.handleMessage(7);

从上述模式可以知道,当我们需要多个 ifelse 做逻辑判断的时候,可以引入,从而提高代码可维护性

2.3 适用场景:

  • 有多个对象可以处理同一个请求,具体哪个对象处理该请求由运行时刻自动确定
  • 在不明确指定接收者的情况下,向多个对象中的某一个对象提交一个请求
  • 可动态指定一组对象的处理请求

3 Spring中的过滤器

我们来分析Spring中Filter的 加载流程和执行流程

3.1 初始化流程

初始化过滤器加载数据流如下:

filter初始化加载时序图

关键性代码

public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        Filter filter = getFilter();
        Assert.notNull(filter, "Filter must not be null");
        String name = getOrDeduceName(filter);
        if (!isEnabled()) {
            this.logger.info("Filter " + name + " was not registered (disabled)");
            return;
        }
        //增加过滤器,数据流向 HashMap filterDefs
        FilterRegistration.Dynamic added = servletContext.addFilter(name, filter);
        if (added == null) {
            this.logger.info("Filter " + name + " was not registered "
                    + "(possibly already registered?)");
            return;
        }
                //配置过滤器注册信息
        configure(added);
    }

configure() 方法主要关注

if (isMatchAfter) {
                context.addFilterMap(filterMap);
            } else {
                context.addFilterMapBefore(filterMap);
            }

不管是数据走哪里,最终会通过 System.arraycopy 数组扩容,增加过滤器信息到 private FilterMap[] array 这个数组中。 
最后调用StandardContext类中的 filterStart() 方法完成过滤器的初始化

3.2 执行过程

主要分两步, 创建过滤器责任链 和 执行责任链

3.2.1 创建过程

创建filterChain方法主要在 ApplicationFilterFactory.createFilterChain(request, wrapper, servlet) 中,部分代码讲解:

{
  // 获取过滤器上下文
        StandardContext context = (StandardContext) wrapper.getParent();
       //获取加载的过滤器列表
        FilterMap filterMaps[] = context.findFilterMaps();

        // If there are no filter mappings, we are done
        if ((filterMaps == null) || (filterMaps.length == 0))
            return (filterChain);

        //  获取匹配的过滤器映射信息
        DispatcherType dispatcher =
                (DispatcherType) request.getAttribute(Globals.DISPATCHER_TYPE_ATTR);

        String requestPath = null;
        Object attribute = request.getAttribute(Globals.DISPATCHER_REQUEST_PATH_ATTR);
        if (attribute != null){
            requestPath = attribute.toString();
        }

        String servletName = wrapper.getName();

        // 每个过滤器配置对应处理的请求路径信息
        for (int i = 0; i < filterMaps.length; i++) {
            if (!matchDispatcher(filterMaps[i] ,dispatcher)) {
                continue;
            }
            if (!matchFiltersURL(filterMaps[i], requestPath))
                continue;
            ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig)
                context.findFilterConfig(filterMaps[i].getFilterName());
            if (filterConfig == null) {
                // FIXME - log configuration problem
                continue;
            }
            filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig);
        }

        // 配置对应servletName信息,最后返回过滤器链
        for (int i = 0; i < filterMaps.length; i++) {
            if (!matchDispatcher(filterMaps[i] ,dispatcher)) {
                continue;
            }
            if (!matchFiltersServlet(filterMaps[i], servletName))
                continue;
            ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig)
                context.findFilterConfig(filterMaps[i].getFilterName());
            if (filterConfig == null) {
                // FIXME - log configuration problem
                continue;
            }
            filterChain.addFilter(filterConfig);
        }

        // Return the completed filter chain
        return filterChain;
}

在StandardWrapperValue类的 invoke() 方法中调用ApplicationFilterChai类的 createFilterChain() 方法 
在ApplicationFilterChai类的 createFilterChain() 方法中调用ApplicationFilterChain类的 addFilter() 方法 
在ApplicationFilterChain类的 addFilter() 方法中给ApplicationFilterConfig数组赋值

生成调用链

3.2.2 执行责任链

调用ApplicationFilterChain的 doFilter() 方法中最后会调用一个 internalDoFilter() 方法,目的就是执行ApplicationFilterChain中的全部过滤器,从代码中可以发现它调用了 doFilter ,而在 doFilter 又会调用 internalDoFilter 从而使所有Filter都得以调用

private void internalDoFilter(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {

    // 如果存在下一个,继续调用下一个过滤器
    if (pos < n) {
        ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = filters[pos++];
        try {
            Filter filter = filterConfig.getFilter();

            if (request.isAsyncSupported() && "false".equalsIgnoreCase(
                    filterConfig.getFilterDef().getAsyncSupported())) {
                request.setAttribute(Globals.ASYNC_SUPPORTED_ATTR, Boolean.FALSE);
            }
            if( Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED ) {
                final ServletRequest req = request;
                final ServletResponse res = response;
                Principal principal =
                    ((HttpServletRequest) req).getUserPrincipal();

                Object[] args = new Object[]{req, res, this};
                SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege ("doFilter", filter, classType, args, principal);
            } else {
                // 此处调用Filter的doFilter()方法  / 而 doFilter 又会调用 internalDoFilter 直到调用完所有的过滤器
                filter.doFilter(request, response, this);
            }
        } catch (IOException | ServletException | RuntimeException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(e);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(e);
            throw new ServletException(sm.getString("filterChain.filter"), e);
        }
        return;
    }

    // 从最后一个开始调用
    try {
        if (ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT) {
            lastServicedRequest.set(request);
            lastServicedResponse.set(response);
        }

        if (request.isAsyncSupported() && !servletSupportsAsync) {
            request.setAttribute(Globals.ASYNC_SUPPORTED_ATTR,
                    Boolean.FALSE);
        }
        // 包装请求
        if ((request instanceof HttpServletRequest) &&
                (response instanceof HttpServletResponse) &&
                Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED ) {
            final ServletRequest req = request;
            final ServletResponse res = response;
            Principal principal =
                ((HttpServletRequest) req).getUserPrincipal();
            Object[] args = new Object[]{req, res};
            SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege("service", servlet, classTypeUsedInService,args, principal);
        } else {
            servlet.service(request, response);
        }
    } catch (IOException | ServletException | RuntimeException e) {
        throw e;
    } catch (Throwable e) {
        e = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(e);
        ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(e);
        throw new ServletException(sm.getString("filterChain.servlet"), e);
    } finally {
        if (ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT) {
            lastServicedRequest.set(null);
            lastServicedResponse.set(null);
        }
    }
}

这样,一个完整的过滤器链就形成,然后进行调用

4 项目中的实际运用

业务场景

我们在项目中使用了阿里的MQ消息中间件,来加快请求的响应时间和异步解耦处理。RocktMQ主要可以按Topic来分区,然后按Tag分组,不同的业务区分不同的 tag 
比如: 
短信类的消息 messageTag 
手机推送消息 pushTag 
延时任务消息 delayTag 
等等。。。

常规写法

if(message.getTag() == messageTag){
 //doSomething
}else if(message.getTag() == pushTag){
 //doSomething
}else if (message.getTag() == delayTag){
 //doSomething
}
....

要是 ifelse 多了,最后会形成箭头代码,最后连自己都不知道逻辑了。所以我就想到了责任链模式,刚好符合我们的实际场景。

具体设计方案如下:

设计UML类图

类图

抽象公共监听器 ,主要用到了单例模式获取常量

public abstract class AbstractCommonListener {

    private ParametersDO parametersDO;

    protected AbstractCommonListener() {
        //获取单例对象
        this.parametersDO = ParametersDO.getInstance();
    }

     public final String getAccessKey() {
        return parametersDO.getAccessKey();
    }

    public final String getSecretKey() {
        return  parametersDO.getSecretKey();
    }

    public final String getConsumerId() {
        return parametersDO.getConsumerId();
    }

    public final String getONSAddr() {
        return parametersDO.getONSAddr();
    }

    public final String getTopic() {
        return parametersDO.getTopic();
    }


}


class ParametersDO{

    private static volatile boolean initialize = false;

    private String accessKey;

    private String secretKey;

    private String consumerId;

    private String ONSAddr;

    private String topic;

    private ParametersDO() {

        synchronized (ParametersDO.class) {
            if (!initialize) {
                this.accessKey = BundleUtil.getResult("mq.accesskey");
                this.consumerId = BundleUtil.getResult("mq.public.consumer.id");
                this.ONSAddr = BundleUtil.getResult("mq.ons.addr");
                this.topic = BundleUtil.getResult("mq.public.topic");
                this.secretKey = BundleUtil.getResult("mq.secretkey");
                initialize = !initialize;
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("ParametersDO单例已被破坏");
            }

        }

    }

    static ParametersDO getInstance() {
        return ListenerHolder.INSTANCE;
    }

    private static class ListenerHolder{
        private static final ParametersDO INSTANCE = new ParametersDO();
    }


    final String getAccessKey() {
        return accessKey;
    }

    final String getSecretKey() {
        return secretKey;
    }

    final String getConsumerId() {
        return consumerId;
    }

    final String getONSAddr() {
        return ONSAddr;
    }

    final String getTopic() {
        return topic;
    }

}

具体监听器 ,监听器主要用于MQ监听消费Topic

public class GlobalOrderListener extends AbstractCommonListener implements MessageOrderListener {

    @Override
    public OrderAction consume(Message message, ConsumeOrderContext context) {

        //新增处理消费tag 只需添加Handler
        AbstractMessageHandler handler = HandlerFactory.getHandlerResponsibilityChain(
                        JpushOrderHandler.class,
                        DelayRemoveOrderHandler.class);
        return handler.handleMessage(message);
    }
}

正常情况下,我们会在 consume() 方法中区分tag来做不同业务的数据处理

抽象处理者

/**
 * @author nicky_chin [shuilianpiying@163.com]
 * @since --created on 2018/6/26 at 14:42
 * 责任链抽象类
 */
public abstract class AbstractMessageHandler extends AbstractCommonListener {

    /**
     * 下一个责任链成员
     */
    protected AbstractMessageHandler nextHandler;

    public AbstractMessageHandler getNextHandler() {
        return nextHandler;
    }

    public void setNextHandler(AbstractMessageHandler nextHandler) {
        this.nextHandler = nextHandler;
    }

    /**
     * 处理传递过来的tag
     * @param message 表达式
     * @return T
     */
    public abstract T handleMessage(R message);

}

具体处理者 :推送消息Handler

@Slf4j
public class JpushOrderHandler extends AbstractMessageHandler {

    @Override
    public OrderAction handleMessage(Message message) {
        String tagList = BundleUtil.getResult("mq.tag");
        String[] tags = tagList.split(",");
        if (message.getTopic().equals(getTopic()) && Arrays.asList(tags).contains(message.getTag())) {  //避免消费到其他消息 json转换报错
            log.info(" 监听到推送消息,[topic:" + message.getTopic() + "], [tag:" + message.getTag() + "]。开始解析...");
            try {
                // res 是生产者传过来的消息内容
                byte[] body = message.getBody();
                String res = new String(body);
                String substring = res.substring(res.length() -1, res.length());
                PushInfo info = JSON.parseObject(res.substring(0, res.length() - 1), PushInfo.class);
  
                if ("1".equals(substring)){
                    // 分组推送
                    CommonUtil.Jpush2SingleUserMq(info,true);
                 }else {
                 //  多个用户推送
                    CommonUtil.Jpush2SingleUserMq(info,false);
                }
                return OrderAction.Success;
            }catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("MessageListener.consume error:" + e.getMessage(), e);
                return OrderAction.Suspend;
            }
        } else {
           if (nextHandler == null) {
               log.info("未匹配到topic:{}, tag:{}跳过,",message.getTopic(), message.getTag());
               return OrderAction.Success;
           }
           return nextHandler.handleMessage(message);
       }
    }
}

具体处理者 :延时订单处理Handler

@Slf4j
public class DelayRemoveOrderHandler extends AbstractMessageHandler {

    private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);

    @Override
    public OrderAction handleMessage(Message message) {
        //消费延时订单tag
        if (message.getTopic().equals(getTopic()) && message.getTag().equals(CommonConstants.TAG)) {
            log.info(" 监听订单删除消息,[topic:" + message.getTopic() + "], [tag:" + message.getTag() + "]。开始解析...");
            //userId + UNDER_BAR + borrowOrderId
            try {
                String content = new String(message.getBody(), Charsets.UTF_8);
                log.info("消费内容 userId_borrowOrderId :{}", content);
                if (StringUtils.isEmpty(content)) {
                    return OrderAction.Success;
                }
                String[] info = content.split(CommonConstants.UNDER_BAR);
                String userId = info[0];
                String key = CommonConstants.CART_ID_LIST + userId;

                lock.tryLock(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                //查询用户购物车列表
                String orders = RedisUtil.getString(key);
                if (StringUtils.isEmpty(orders)) {
                    return OrderAction.Success;
                }
                List orderList = JSONObject.parseArray(orders, Integer.class);
                List delList;
                String idStr = info[1];
                //判断是否是批量加入
                if (idStr.startsWith(CommonConstants.LIST_MARK)) {
                    String[] s = content.split(CommonConstants.LIST_MARK);
                    delList = JSONObject.parseArray(s[1], Integer.class);
                } else {
                    delList = Collections.singletonList(Integer.valueOf(info[1]));
                }
                orderList.removeAll(delList);
                RedisUtil.setString(key, GsonUtil.objectConvertJson(orderList));
                log.info("删除用户:{},延时订单:{},成功", userId, delList.toString());
                return OrderAction.Success;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                //消费失败,挂起当前队列
                log.error("延时订单:{}消费异常", new String(message.getBody(), Charsets.UTF_8));
                return OrderAction.Suspend;
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }

        } else {
            if (nextHandler == null) {
                log.info("未匹配到topic:{}, tag:{}跳过,",message.getTopic(), message.getTag());
                return OrderAction.Success;
            }
           return nextHandler.handleMessage(message);
        }
    }
}

模式工厂 HandlerFactory

public final class HandlerFactory {

    private static TypeConverterManager typeConverterManager = JoddBean.get().typeConverterManager();


    public static  AbstractMessageHandler newJpushOrderHandler(){
        return new JpushOrderHandler();
    };

    public static AbstractMessageHandler newDelayRemoveOrderHandler(){
        return new DelayRemoveOrderHandler();
    }

    /**
     * 责任链模式
     */
    @SafeVarargs
    public static AbstractMessageHandler getHandlerResponsibilityChain(Class< ? extends AbstractMessageHandler> ... handlers ) {

        Preconditions.checkNotNull(handlers, "handler列表不能为空");
        if (handlers.length == CommonConstants.TRUE) {
            return BeanUtils.instantiate(handlers[CommonConstants.FIRST_ELEMENT]);
        }
        List list = Arrays.stream(handlers).map(BeanUtils::instantiate).collect(Collectors.toList());
        AbstractMessageHandler result = null;
        for (int i = 1; i < list.size(); i++) {
            AbstractMessageHandler pre = typeConverterManager.convertType(list.get(i - 1), handlers[i - 1]);
            AbstractMessageHandler cur = typeConverterManager.convertType(list.get(i), handlers[i]);
            cur.setNextHandler(pre);
            result = cur;
        }
        return result;
    }
}

getHandlerResponsibilityChain() 主要是创建责任链,动态生成自己想要的逻辑责任链

客户端调用

public class RoborderConsumerAdapter{

    private OrderConsumer orderConsumer;

    public RoborderConsumerAdapter(OrderConsumer orderConsumer) {
        Assert.notNull(orderConsumer, "orderConsumer is null");
        this.orderConsumer = orderConsumer;
    }

    /**
     * 消费
     */
    public void consumerMessages(){
        AbstractCommonListener listener = BeanUtils.instantiate(GlobalOrderListener.class);
        this.orderConsumer.subscribe(listener.getTopic(), "*", (MessageOrderListener) listener);
    }

}

按这种设计方式,如果有一个新的业务处理场景,只需添加新的一个Handler实现抽象处理者就好,然后调用getHandlerResponsibilityChain() 的时候,加入想要使用的Handler,就能处理,这样不会导致多人维护代码时,出现逻辑混乱问题,业务直接解耦,减少开发和维护成本

Reference

《JAVA与模式》之责任链模式

原创文章,转载请注明: 转载自并发编程网 – ifeve.com本文链接地址: 实际项目中运用责任链模式

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