跟着实例学习ZooKeeper的用法: 队列
使用Curator也可以简化Ephemeral Node (临时节点)的操作。Curator也提供ZK Recipe的分布式队列实现。 利用ZK的 PERSISTENTSEQUENTIAL节点, 可以保证放入到队列中的项目是按照顺序排队的。 如果单一的消费者从队列中取数据, 那么它是先入先出的,这也是队列的特点。 如果你严格要求顺序,你就的使用单一的消费者,可以使用leader选举只让leader作为唯一的消费者。
但是, 根据Netflix的Curator作者所说, ZooKeeper真心不适合做Queue,或者说ZK没有实现一个好的Queue,详细内容可以看 Tech Note 4, 原因有五:
- ZK有1MB 的传输限制。 实践中ZNode必须相对较小,而队列包含成千上万的消息,非常的大。
- 如果有很多节点,ZK启动时相当的慢。 而使用queue会导致好多ZNode. 你需要显著增大 initLimit 和 syncLimit.
- ZNode很大的时候很难清理。Netflix不得不创建了一个专门的程序做这事。
- 当很大量的包含成千上万的子节点的ZNode时, ZK的性能变得不好
- ZK的数据库完全放在内存中。 大量的Queue意味着会占用很多的内存空间。
尽管如此, Curator还是创建了各种Queue的实现。 如果Queue的数据量不太多,数据量不太大的情况下,酌情考虑,还是可以使用的。
DistributedQueue
DistributedQueue是最普通的一种队列。 它设计以下四个类:
- QueueBuilder
- QueueConsumer
- QueueSerializer
- DistributedQueue
创建队列使用QueueBuilder,它也是其它队列的创建类。
public static <T> QueueBuilder<T> builder(CuratorFramework client,
QueueConsumer<T> consumer,
QueueSerializer<T> serializer,
java.lang.String queuePath)
QueueBuilder<MessageType> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, serializer, path);
... more builder method calls as needed ...
DistributedQueue<MessageType queue = builder.build(); `
创建好queue就可以往里面放入数据了:
queue.put(aMessage);
QueueSerializer
提供了对队列中的对象的序列化和反序列化。
QueueConsumer
是消费者, 它可以接收队列的数据。 处理队列中的数据的代码逻辑可以放在QueueConsumer.consumeMessage()
中。
正常情况下先将消息从队列中移除,再交给消费者消费。 但这是两个步骤,不是原子的。 可以调用Builder的lockPath()
消费者加锁, 当消费者消费数据时持有锁,这样其它消费者不能消费此消息。 如果消费失败或者进程死掉,消息可以交给其它进程。这会带来一点性能的损失。 最好还是单消费者模式使用队列。
例子:
package com.colobu.zkrecipe.queue;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorEvent;
import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorListener;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.DistributedQueue;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueBuilder;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueConsumer;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueSerializer;
import org.apache.curator.framework.state.ConnectionState;
import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;
import org.apache.curator.test.TestingServer;
import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils;
public class DistributedQueueExample {
private static final String PATH = "/example/queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
TestingServer server = new TestingServer();
CuratorFramework client = null;
DistributedQueue<String> queue = null;
try {
client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(server.getConnectString(), new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3));
client.getCuratorListenable().addListener(new CuratorListener() {
@Override
public void eventReceived(CuratorFramework client, CuratorEvent event) throws Exception {
System.out.println("CuratorEvent: " + event.getType().name());
}
});
client.start();
QueueConsumer<String> consumer = createQueueConsumer();
QueueBuilder<String> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, createQueueSerializer(), PATH);
queue = builder.buildQueue();
queue.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
queue.put(" test-" + i);
Thread.sleep((long)(3 * Math.random()));
}
Thread.sleep(20000);
} catch (Exception ex) {
} finally {
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(queue);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
}
}
private static QueueSerializer<String> createQueueSerializer() {
return new QueueSerializer<String>(){
@Override
public byte[] serialize(String item) {
return item.getBytes();
}
@Override
public String deserialize(byte[] bytes) {
return new String(bytes);
}
};
}
private static QueueConsumer<String> createQueueConsumer() {
return new QueueConsumer<String>(){
@Override
public void stateChanged(CuratorFramework client, ConnectionState newState) {
System.out.println("connection new state: " + newState.name());
}
@Override
public void consumeMessage(String message) throws Exception {
System.out.println("consume one message: " + message);
}
};
}
}
DistributedIdQueue
DistributedIdQueue和上面的队列类似, 但是可以为队列中的每一个元素设置一个ID。 可以通过ID把队列中任意的元素移除。 它涉及几个类:
- QueueBuilder
- QueueConsumer
- QueueSerializer
- DistributedQueue
通过下面方法创建:
builder.buildIdQueue()
放入元素时:
queue.put(aMessage, messageId);
移除元素时:
int numberRemoved = queue.remove(messageId);
在这个例子中, 有些元素还没有被消费者消费时就移除了,这样消费者不会收到删除的消息。
package com.colobu.zkrecipe.queue;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorEvent;
import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorListener;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.DistributedIdQueue;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueBuilder;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueConsumer;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueSerializer;
import org.apache.curator.framework.state.ConnectionState;
import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;
import org.apache.curator.test.TestingServer;
import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils;
public class DistributedIdQueueExample {
private static final String PATH = "/example/queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
TestingServer server = new TestingServer();
CuratorFramework client = null;
DistributedIdQueue<String> queue = null;
try {
client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(server.getConnectString(), new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3));
client.getCuratorListenable().addListener(new CuratorListener() {
@Override
public void eventReceived(CuratorFramework client, CuratorEvent event) throws Exception {
System.out.println("CuratorEvent: " + event.getType().name());
}
});
client.start();
QueueConsumer<String> consumer = createQueueConsumer();
QueueBuilder<String> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, createQueueSerializer(), PATH);
queue = builder.buildIdQueue();
queue.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
queue.put(" test-" + i, "Id" + i);
Thread.sleep((long)(50 * Math.random()));
queue.remove("Id" + i);
}
Thread.sleep(20000);
} catch (Exception ex) {
} finally {
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(queue);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
}
}
private static QueueSerializer<String> createQueueSerializer() {
return new QueueSerializer<String>(){
@Override
public byte[] serialize(String item) {
return item.getBytes();
}
@Override
public String deserialize(byte[] bytes) {
return new String(bytes);
}
};
}
private static QueueConsumer<String> createQueueConsumer() {
return new QueueConsumer<String>(){
@Override
public void stateChanged(CuratorFramework client, ConnectionState newState) {
System.out.println("connection new state: " + newState.name());
}
@Override
public void consumeMessage(String message) throws Exception {
System.out.println("consume one message: " + message);
}
};
}
}
DistributedPriorityQueue
优先级队列对队列中的元素按照优先级进行排序。 Priority越小, 元素月靠前, 越先被消费掉。 它涉及下面几个类:
- QueueBuilder
- QueueConsumer
- QueueSerializer
- DistributedPriorityQueue
通过builder.buildPriorityQueue(minItemsBeforeRefresh)方法创建。 当优先级队列得到元素增删消息时,它会暂停处理当前的元素队列,然后刷新队列。minItemsBeforeRefresh指定刷新前当前活动的队列的最小数量。 主要设置你的程序可以容忍的不排序的最小值。
放入队列时需要指定优先级:
queue.put(aMessage, priority);
例子:
package com.colobu.zkrecipe.queue;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorEvent;
import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorListener;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.DistributedPriorityQueue;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueBuilder;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueConsumer;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueSerializer;
import org.apache.curator.framework.state.ConnectionState;
import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;
import org.apache.curator.test.TestingServer;
import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils;
public class DistributedPriorityQueueExample {
private static final String PATH = "/example/queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
TestingServer server = new TestingServer();
CuratorFramework client = null;
DistributedPriorityQueue<String> queue = null;
try {
client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(server.getConnectString(), new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3));
client.getCuratorListenable().addListener(new CuratorListener() {
@Override
public void eventReceived(CuratorFramework client, CuratorEvent event) throws Exception {
System.out.println("CuratorEvent: " + event.getType().name());
}
});
client.start();
QueueConsumer<String> consumer = createQueueConsumer();
QueueBuilder<String> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, createQueueSerializer(), PATH);
queue = builder.buildPriorityQueue(0);
queue.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int priority = (int)(Math.random() * 100);
System.out.println("test-" + i + " priority:" + priority);
queue.put("test-" + i, priority);
Thread.sleep((long)(50 * Math.random()));
}
Thread.sleep(20000);
} catch (Exception ex) {
} finally {
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(queue);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
}
}
private static QueueSerializer<String> createQueueSerializer() {
return new QueueSerializer<String>(){
@Override
public byte[] serialize(String item) {
return item.getBytes();
}
@Override
public String deserialize(byte[] bytes) {
return new String(bytes);
}
};
}
private static QueueConsumer<String> createQueueConsumer() {
return new QueueConsumer<String>(){
@Override
public void stateChanged(CuratorFramework client, ConnectionState newState) {
System.out.println("connection new state: " + newState.name());
}
@Override
public void consumeMessage(String message) throws Exception {
System.out.println("consume one message: " + message);
}
};
}
}
DistributedDelayQueue
JDK中也有DelayQueue,不知道你是否熟悉。 DistributedDelayQueue也提供了类似的功能, 元素有个delay值, 消费者隔一段时间才能收到元素。 涉及到下面四个类。
- QueueBuilder
- QueueConsumer
- QueueSerializer
- DistributedDelayQueue
通过下面的语句创建:
QueueBuilder<MessageType> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, serializer, path);
... more builder method calls as needed ...
DistributedDelayQueue<MessageType> queue = builder.buildDelayQueue();
放入元素时可以指定delayUntilEpoch
:
queue.put(aMessage, delayUntilEpoch);
注意delayUntilEpoch
不是离现在的一个时间间隔, 比如20毫秒,而是未来的一个时间戳,如 System.currentTimeMillis() + 10秒。 如果delayUntilEpoch的时间已经过去,消息会立刻被消费者接收。
例子:
package com.colobu.zkrecipe.queue;
import java.util.Date;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorEvent;
import org.apache.curator.framework.api.CuratorListener;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.DistributedDelayQueue;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueBuilder;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueConsumer;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.queue.QueueSerializer;
import org.apache.curator.framework.state.ConnectionState;
import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;
import org.apache.curator.test.TestingServer;
import org.apache.curator.utils.CloseableUtils;
public class DistributedDelayQueueExample {
private static final String PATH = "/example/queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
TestingServer server = new TestingServer();
CuratorFramework client = null;
DistributedDelayQueue<String> queue = null;
try {
client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(server.getConnectString(), new ExponentialBackoffRetry(1000, 3));
client.getCuratorListenable().addListener(new CuratorListener() {
@Override
public void eventReceived(CuratorFramework client, CuratorEvent event) throws Exception {
System.out.println("CuratorEvent: " + event.getType().name());
}
});
client.start();
QueueConsumer<String> consumer = createQueueConsumer();
QueueBuilder<String> builder = QueueBuilder.builder(client, consumer, createQueueSerializer(), PATH);
queue = builder.buildDelayQueue();
queue.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
queue.put("test-" + i, System.currentTimeMillis() + 10000);
}
System.out.println(new Date().getTime() + ": already put all items");
Thread.sleep(20000);
} catch (Exception ex) {
} finally {
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(queue);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
}
}
private static QueueSerializer<String> createQueueSerializer() {
return new QueueSerializer<String>() {
@Override
public byte[] serialize(String item) {
return item.getBytes();
}
@Override
public String deserialize(byte[] bytes) {
return new String(bytes);
}
};
}
private static QueueConsumer<String> createQueueConsumer() {
return new QueueConsumer<String>() {
@Override
public void stateChanged(CuratorFramework client, ConnectionState newState) {
System.out.println("connection new state: " + newState.name());
}
@Override
public void consumeMessage(String message) throws Exception {
System.out.println(new Date().getTime() + ": consume one message: " + message);
}
};
}
}
SimpleDistributedQueue
前面虽然实现了各种队列,但是你注意到没有,这些队列并没有实现类似JDK一样的接口。 SimpleDistributedQueue
提供了和JDK一致性的接口(但是没有实现Queue接口)。 创建很简单:
public SimpleDistributedQueue(CuratorFramework client,
String path)
增加元素:
public boolean offer(byte[] data) throws Exception
删除元素:
public byte[] take() throws Exception
另外还提供了其它方法:
public byte[] peek() throws Exception
public byte[] poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws Exception
public byte[] poll() throws Exception
public byte[] remove() throws Exception
public byte[] element() throws Exception
没有add
方法, 多了take
方法。
take
方法在成功返回之前会被阻塞。 而poll
在队列为空时直接返回null。w String(client.getData().forPath(PATH2)));
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(node);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(client);
CloseableUtils.closeQuietly(server);
}
}
} “`
原创文章,转载请注明: 转载自并发编程网 – ifeve.com本文链接地址: 跟着实例学习ZooKeeper的用法: 队列
暂无评论