Oracle官方并发教程之锁对象
同步代码依赖于一种简单的可重入锁。这种锁使用简单,但也有诸多限制。java.util.concurrent.locks包提供了更复杂的锁。我们不会详细考察这个包,但会重点关注其最基本的接口,锁。
锁对象作用非常类似同步代码使用的隐式锁。如同隐式锁,每次只有一个线程可以获得锁对象。通过关联Condition对象,锁对象也支持wait/notify机制。
锁对象之于隐式锁最大的优势在于,它们有能力收回获得锁的尝试。如果当前锁对象不可用,或者锁请求超时(如果超时时间已指定),tryLock方法会收回获取锁的请求。如果在锁获取前,另一个线程发送了一个中断,lockInterruptibly方法也会收回获取锁的请求。
让我们使用锁对象来解决我们在活跃度中见到的死锁问题。Alphonse和Gaston已经把自己训练成能注意到朋友何时要鞠躬。我们通过要求Friend对象在双方鞠躬前必须先获得锁来模拟这次改善。下面是改善后模型的源代码,Safelock。为了展示其用途广泛,我们假设Alphonse和Gaston对于他们新发现的稳定鞠躬的能力是如此入迷,以至于他们无法不相互鞠躬。
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; import java.util.Random; public class Safelock { static class Friend { private final String name; private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); public Friend(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public boolean impendingBow(Friend bower) { Boolean myLock = false; Boolean yourLock = false; try { myLock = lock.tryLock(); yourLock = bower.lock.tryLock(); } finally { if (! (myLock && yourLock)) { if (myLock) { lock.unlock(); } if (yourLock) { bower.lock.unlock(); } } } return myLock && yourLock; } public void bow(Friend bower) { if (impendingBow(bower)) { try { System.out.format("%s: %s has" + " bowed to me!%n", this.name, bower.getName()); bower.bowBack(this); } finally { lock.unlock(); bower.lock.unlock(); } } else { System.out.format("%s: %s started" + " to bow to me, but saw that" + " I was already bowing to" + " him.%n", this.name, bower.getName()); } } public void bowBack(Friend bower) { System.out.format("%s: %s has" + " bowed back to me!%n", this.name, bower.getName()); } } static class BowLoop implements Runnable { private Friend bower; private Friend bowee; public BowLoop(Friend bower, Friend bowee) { this.bower = bower; this.bowee = bowee; } public void run() { Random random = new Random(); for (;;) { try { Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10)); } catch (InterruptedException e) {} bowee.bow(bower); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { final Friend alphonse = new Friend("Alphonse"); final Friend gaston = new Friend("Gaston"); new Thread(new BowLoop(alphonse, gaston)).start(); new Thread(new BowLoop(gaston, alphonse)).start(); } }
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